{"id":6740,"date":"2020-04-17T10:48:52","date_gmt":"2020-04-17T10:48:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tgdf.org.tr\/en\/?p=6740"},"modified":"2020-05-01T06:29:47","modified_gmt":"2020-05-01T06:29:47","slug":"fao-temsilci-yardimcisi-aysegul-selisik-gida-sanayini-zorlu-bir-donem-bekliyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tgdf.org.tr\/en\/fao-temsilci-yardimcisi-aysegul-selisik-gida-sanayini-zorlu-bir-donem-bekliyor\/","title":{"rendered":"FAO Temsilci Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Ay\u015feg\u00fcl Sel\u0131\u015f\u0131k: G\u0131da sanayini zorlu bir d\u00f6nem bekliyor"},"content":{"rendered":"

Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler T\u00fcrkiye Ofisi G\u0131da ve Tar\u0131m \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (FAO) Temsilci Yard\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revini y\u00fcr\u00fcten Ay\u015feg\u00fcl Sel\u0131\u015f\u0131k, TGDF Akademi i\u00e7in \u201cD\u00fcnya Tar\u0131m\u0131 Nereye Gidiyor?\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir sunum ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi, COVID-19 krizi nedeniyle g\u0131da sanayini zorlu bir d\u00f6nemin bekledi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

TGDF Akademi\u2019nin video konferans y\u00f6ntemiyle d\u00fczenledi\u011fi sunumu \u00e7ok say\u0131da kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 takip etti. Sel\u0131\u015f\u0131k, COVID-19 ve bundan sonra \u00e7\u0131kabilecek salg\u0131nlar\u0131n tar\u0131m\u0131 ciddi etkileme potansiyeli bulundu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyerek sunuma ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte ya\u015fanan Ebola ve SARS salg\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi etkilemedi\u011fini, ancak yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerdeki tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimi ciddi \u015fekilde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ifade eden Sel\u0131\u015f\u0131k, \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir salg\u0131n olan COVID-19\u2019un da benzer bir etki g\u00f6sterebilece\u011fini endi\u015fesini aktard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u201cG\u0131da sistemindeki en ufak aksama t\u00fcm sistemi etkiliyor\u201d<\/h2>\n

G\u0131da sistemlerinde lojistik, muhafaza, perakende, \u00e7ift\u00e7i, i\u015fleme gibi payda\u015flar oldu\u011funu, herhangi bir unsurdaki sorunun t\u00fcm sistemi aksatabildi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyen Sel\u0131\u015f\u0131k, FAO\u2019nun S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir G\u0131da Sistemi i\u00e7in uzmanl\u0131k deste\u011fi sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aktard\u0131.<\/p>\n

G\u0131da israf\u0131 konusuna da de\u011finen Sel\u0131\u015f\u0131k, \u201cG\u0131da kayb\u0131 ve israf\u0131 \u00f6nlenebilir. Geli\u015fmi\u015f ve geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerdeki israf sorunu farkl\u0131. Geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde kay\u0131plar\u0131n %40\u2019\u0131 hasat ve i\u015fleme d\u00fczeylerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor. Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde ise kayb\u0131n %40\u2019\u0131 perakende ve t\u00fcketici d\u00fczeyinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de en \u00e7ok kay\u0131p ve israf sebze ve meyvelerde. Burada kay\u0131p oran\u0131 %53. Hane halk\u0131 d\u00fczeyindeki israf ise en \u00e7ok sebze \u2013 meyve (%5), tah\u0131llar (%5) ve ya\u011fl\u0131 tohum ile baklagillerde (%4)\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n son 15 y\u0131lda %12 azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunun bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n verim art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile telafi edildi\u011fini ifade eden Sel\u0131\u015f\u0131k; \u201c\u00dclkedeki \u00e7ift\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131 son 10 y\u0131lda %38 azald\u0131. 2011\u2019den sonra bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f daha da h\u0131zland\u0131. Tar\u0131m \u015euras\u0131 ile bu problemleri \u00e7\u00f6zmeye y\u00f6nelik tar\u0131msal baz\u0131 hedefler belirlendi\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

COVID-19 d\u00fcnyada tar\u0131m\u0131 nas\u0131l etkileyecek?<\/h2>\n

\u00d6zellikle k\u0131r\u0131lgan \u00fclkelerin salg\u0131n nedeniyle zor duruma d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yleyen Sel\u0131\u015f\u0131k, 53 \u00fclkede 113 milyon insan\u0131n akut a\u00e7l\u0131kla bo\u011fu\u015ftu\u011funu, b\u00f6yle devam ederse kamu sa\u011fl\u0131k sistemlerinin salg\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131ramayabilece\u011fini ve insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n dramatik sonu\u00e7larla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

Sel\u0131\u015f\u0131k FAO\u2019nun COVID-19 krizindeki hedeflerini ise \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralad\u0131: \u201cSalg\u0131n\u0131n g\u0131da ve tar\u0131m \u00fczerindeki etkisini anlamay\u0131 ve azaltmay\u0131, zor durumda olan ki\u015filerin g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fini ve ge\u00e7im kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 korumay\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131yoruz. Ayn\u0131 zamanda kurum olarak vir\u00fcs\u00fcn k\u00f6kenini ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz.\u201d<\/p>\n

Koronavir\u00fcs\u00fcn g\u0131dadan bula\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda \u00e7ok net bilgilerin oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen Sel\u0131\u015f\u0131k, FAO olarak do\u011fru bilgileri halka vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olduklar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi.<\/p>\n

Sel\u0131\u015f\u0131k d\u00fcnya genelinde 185 \u00fclkede COVID-19 bulundu\u011funu, bunlardan 44 \u00fclkenin d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan g\u0131da deste\u011fine ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011funu aktard\u0131 ve k\u00fcresel g\u0131da ticaretinin sekteye u\u011framas\u0131 halinde bu \u00fclkelerin \u00e7ok zor durumda kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Twitter \u00fczerindeki COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131yla ilgili payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n toplam payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n %50\u2019sine kadar \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, di\u011fer konular\u0131n konu\u015fulma oran\u0131n\u0131n ise yar\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yleyen Sel\u0131\u015f\u0131k; g\u0131dan\u0131n da bu salg\u0131nla ilgili konunun merkezinde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7ok\u00e7a konu\u015fuldu\u011funu belirtti.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\"\"<\/p>\n

COVID-19 g\u0131da sistemlerini nas\u0131l etkiledi?<\/h2>\n

Ay\u015feg\u00fcl Sel\u0131\u015f\u0131k g\u0131da sistemlerinde g\u00f6zlenen ilk etkilere ili\u015fkin, \u201cPiyasalar hem temel hem de uzun raf \u00f6mr\u00fc olan g\u0131da al\u0131mlar\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f ve e-ticarete kayma g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Taze \u00fcr\u00fcnlere olan talebin azalmas\u0131 fiyatlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmesine ve sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n yava\u015flamas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. K\u00fcmes hayvanlar\u0131 ve yumurta \u00fcretim zincirleri de g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6nl\u00fc fiyat bask\u0131s\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

G\u0131da arz\u0131nda baz\u0131 \u015foklar ya\u015fanabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yleyen Sel\u0131\u015f\u0131k, \u201cTar\u0131msal \u00fcretim ve g\u0131da tedarik zinciri ciddi s\u0131namalarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015facak. Sebze, meyve ve et arz\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 burada ilk s\u0131rada geliyor. Evde yemek g\u0131da arz\u0131 ve talebinde ve g\u0131da t\u00fcrlerinde radikal de\u011fi\u015fimlere neden olacak.<\/p>\n

Lojistik ve g\u0131dan\u0131n nakliyesinde, \u00f6zellikle hayvansal \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde arz \u015foku ya\u015fanmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Salg\u0131n ve buna y\u00f6nelik tedbirlerin ne kadar s\u00fcrece\u011fi bu de\u011fi\u015fimler i\u00e7in belirleyici olacak\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

G\u0131da sanayini zorlu bir d\u00f6nem bekliyor!<\/h2>\n

COVID-19 krizi nedeniyle g\u0131da sanayinin zorlu bir d\u00f6neme girdi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyen Sel\u0131\u015f\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckleri ise \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralad\u0131:<\/p>\n

\u201cG\u0131da sanayi daha az \u00fcretim, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kapasite kullan\u0131m\u0131, g\u0131da tedarik zincirlerinde bozulma, i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcnde azalma, nakliye k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak hasat sonras\u0131 kay\u0131plar\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f, g\u0131da \u00fcretimi ve i\u015flenmesinde sorunlar ya\u015fayabilir.<\/p>\n

Bitkisel \u00fcretim \u00fczerinde \u015fu anda g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr bir etki yok. 2020 k\u00fcresel tah\u0131l \u00fcretimi beklentileri genel anlamda olumlu seyrediyor. Hayvansal \u00fcretim \u00fczerinde bir etki s\u00f6z konusu olabilir, ancak durum hen\u00fcz netle\u015fmi\u015f de\u011fil.\u201d<\/p>\n

Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lacak zorluklar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in baz\u0131 \u00f6neriler sunan Sel\u0131\u015f\u0131k, \u201cG\u0131da zincirinde sevkiyat ve teslimat i\u00e7in eri\u015fim noktalar\u0131 planlanmal\u0131. \u0130leti\u015fimi kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in dijital uygulamalar geli\u015ftirilmeli. G\u0131da bankac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7ene\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmeli. Vergi ve prim borcu \u00f6demeleri ertelenmeli, ge\u00e7ici KDV ve vergi indirimleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmeli.<\/p>\n

Mevcut uygulamalar istikrarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmeli. Krizin uzamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n yeni planlamalar \u015fimdiden yap\u0131lmal\u0131.\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

G\u0131da talebi nas\u0131l etkilenecek?<\/h2>\n

G\u0131da talebinin genelde esnek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ancak bu salg\u0131n nedeniyle beslenme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015febilece\u011fini s\u00f6yleyen Sel\u0131\u015f\u0131k, \u201cBa\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta talepte art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Et gibi y\u00fcksek de\u011ferli \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde b\u00fcy\u00fck fiyat d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc s\u00f6z konusu olabilir.<\/p>\n

Yoksul \u00fclkelerde t\u00fcketim daralabilir. \u0130thalata ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00fclkelerde b\u00fcy\u00fck sorunlar ya\u015fanabilir\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye ne durumda?<\/h2>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck 7. tar\u0131m \u00fcreticisi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen Sel\u0131\u015f\u0131k, \u201cK\u00fcresel dalgalanmalardan etkilenmemiz g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir olas\u0131l\u0131k. Ancak g\u0131da arz\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011finde k\u0131sa ve orta vadede bir s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 beklenmiyor.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Avrupa, Ortado\u011fu, Avrasya ve Orta Asya\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u0131da tedarik\u00e7ilerinden biri. Nakliye yollar\u0131 t\u0131kan\u0131rsa \u00fcretici de olumsuz etkilenecek\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

FAO\u2019nun g\u0131da ticaretinde ihracat k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dair bir tespit yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen Sel\u0131\u015f\u0131k, k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n fiyat art\u0131\u015f\u0131na sebep olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, g\u0131da g\u00fcvencesinde sorunlar ya\u015fanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, k\u0131rsalda ya\u015fayan \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin ve g\u0131daya eri\u015femeyenlerin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesi gerekti\u011fini dile getirdi.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin att\u0131\u011f\u0131 isabetli ad\u0131mlar<\/h2>\n

COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin yerinde m\u00fcdahalelerinden s\u00f6z eden Sel\u0131\u015f\u0131k, \u201cK\u0131sa s\u00fcreli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yard\u0131m\u0131, 4,3 milyon haneye sosyal yard\u0131m \u00f6demesi, vergi borcu ve sosyal g\u00fcvenlik primi \u00f6demelerinin ertelenmesi, \u00e7e\u015fitli sekt\u00f6rlerde vergi indirimleri, ulusal dayan\u0131\u015fma kampanyas\u0131, tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7ilerine y\u00f6nelik tedbirler olumsuz etkileri azaltmak i\u00e7in iyi \u00f6rnekler\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n

FAO H\u0131zl\u0131 De\u011ferlendirme Anketi<\/h2>\n

Ya\u015fanan krizle ilgili FAO\u2019nun Avrupa ve Orta Asya b\u00f6lgesi G\u0131da Arz Zinciri H\u0131zl\u0131 De\u011ferlendirme Anketi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen Sel\u0131\u015f\u0131k, \u201c\u00dcr\u00fcn gruplar\u0131 baz\u0131nda tar\u0131msal girdide \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek bir fiyat de\u011fi\u015fimi g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fcyor. Ancak fiyatlarda bir art\u0131\u015f var. Bunun etkisini de \u00f6l\u00e7meye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. \u00c7ok y\u00fcksek bir etki hen\u00fcz yok. B\u00f6yle bir geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye genelinde de almad\u0131k, Orta Asya ve Avrupa\u2019da da almad\u0131k.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcnde de bir s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 ya\u015fanacak. Ancak bu \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek olmayacak. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de d\u00f6viz art\u0131\u015f\u0131 nedeniyle girdi maliyetleri artt\u0131. Her sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve hijyen kurallar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmesi gerekiyor. Bu da ilave bir maliyet anlam\u0131na geliyor\u201d diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n